This is the transcript of a talk I gave to the Manchester Roofbreaker Network. https://throughtheroof.org/forchurches/roofbreakers/ There is a lot more to be said on this topic but in 20 minutes this is what I had the time to say.
© Lynn McCann. Through the Roof Manchester event at Holy Trinity Platt Church 6.7.24.



Autistic and ADHD people have one main thing in common, and that is that their difference is hidden. Because they have different brains, brains that process and experience the world differently, we can’t see this and so they are misunderstood, judged unfairly and dismissed so often, and it doesn’t even seem an issue for most people… until you hear the voices of those autistic and ADHD people themselves.
We have come a long way in our understanding of our human brains. But somewhere along the way, some humans decided that there was a thing called a ‘normal brain’… or neurotypical as it is now known. Apart from there being no such thing in reality, what we should know is that there are as many different ways the brain can work as there are human beings!
Neurodiversity

We now call this neurodiversity, and like bio-diversity, each person needs the right environment and nutrition to be able to grow and thrive.
We currently use the term ‘neurodivergent’ to explain people whose brains have a range of characteristics and ways of processing and thinking, that are different from the majority. (I’m not keen on the term myself, I’m hoping for a better one to come!)
This is where we group autistic, ADHD, dyslexic, dyspraxic, Tourettes and other conditions and each has its own diagnostic criteria. Even then, the lines between these conditions are blurring as we know more and more about them, and it is very common to have a diagnosis of Autism and ADHD, or ADHD and dyslexia etc.
Judged
For this talk I have collected testimonies from my many autistic and ADHD friends, my family, and from the posts of the Additional Needs Alliance facebook group, of which I am an admin member.

One striking commonality is that autistic and ADHD people often feel misunderstood and mis-judged in church. There are a wide range of experiences of church, but many autistic and ADHD people are commonly judged to be awkward, anti-social, ‘too much’ and expected to fit in with the way things are done. Because their difficulties are hidden, the majority have experienced quite shocking dismissals and judgemental attitudes from others, and many find attending church far more exhausting than refreshing. Masking is a common coping strategy, where autistic and ADHD people work really hard to fit in and appear to be what is expected of them. This is exhausting and leads to a lot of anxiety in case the mask slips, and can often lead to physical and mental burnout with the effort needed to keep the mask in place.
For autistic and ADHD people their experiences each Sunday can be different. Each time they attend, costs us them ways others don’t understand. Some can have acute sensitivity to noise and struggle to manage unexpected social interactions. So even getting through the door where the welcomers might try to hug them has can make anxiety levels very high. Thankfully, we have been able to make sure at our church, hugs are only given with permission.
During the service, any unexpected noise can overload them, and if we have the ‘peace’ time during communion, some want to hide under their chair to avoid all the unexpected human contact.
Others go to church with a different set of anxieties. Family members can be watching their autistic or ADHD loved ones carefully, because if they reaches a certain point, they can have a meltdown and they have to help them get out and get home to recover.
Some need to move. They struggle to sit still and focus through the service. They struggle to listen and concentrate on long sermons and can easily become bored or lose track. In children we tell them off for not sitting still. Adults will find ways of disguising this by doodling, getting up to use the loo in the middle or daydreaming about something else (could be spiritual things!)
For many their biggest problem is people pleasing. They have acute rejection sensitivity dysphoria, which is becoming much better known in the autism and ADHD world. Often caused by early experiences of not fitting in and being given negative feedback about your natural self, coupled with an extra-sensitive emotional sensory system, they will say yes to nearly anything. This means they can often seen to be busy at church. People don’t see them ‘crash’ at home afterwards.
I have started writing about my faith and my ADHD on this blog, so I won’t talk too much about all the ways it affects me and benefits me. But like my autistic and my ADHD friends, what people see on the outside should NOT be judged by typical and often wrong, standards. Some people’s need to leave the service as it finishes might be seen as anti-social, whilst busyness might be seen as great spiritual service. But both of those judgements can be wrong. But we love the Lord and serve him how we can with our hearts, minds and what strength we have been given. What people see on the outside does not mean we are what people think. I am fortunate to be in a church that doesn’t judge this way. There are many autistic and ADHD children and adults in our church. Wearing headphones, doing crochet, standing, sitting or walking around for worship is no problem and the leaders help me say no to some things and protect me in that way. This is not typical in so many other churches.
Loved
Each person is unique and the way they are will be different. We are all loved and included in God’s Kingdom and want to be included in his church too. I know amazingly academic autistic people who I am learning a lot about theology from. The Centre for Autism and Theology at Aberdeen University has helped me start to learn how to look more deeper into theology than I have ever been able to grasp before. https://www.abdn.ac.uk/sdhp/centre-for-the-study-of-autism-and-christian-community-1725.php
I also know autistic people who are non-verbal and considered to have severe learning difficulties. Usually, once we learn to communicate together, there is more they can tell us than we first think, and there are autistic people at any point between these that are trying to live lives in a society that doesn’t understand them or make accommodations. Many don’t get to church at all. Families are often torn when one of the parents has to stay at home with an autistic or ADHD child or adult because it is too difficult to be at church together.
Church
The autistic and ADHD children I work with are tortured by our education system, and I don’t say that lightly. They experience frequent bullying, misunderstanding, blame, sensory overload and extreme anxiety, in a society that expects them to do all the fitting in. Then we often make them try to fit into Sunday School (please don’t make it like school!) when they have had a terrible and exhausting week of failing at school. Adults too can be in the same situation after a week at work.
The people I have spoken to recently talk about church being a huge sensory overload, too noisy, the texture of the chair cushions being too rough, people wanting to touch them, the smells, the getting up and sitting down. They talk about the social tea and coffee time being overwhelming, changes that are not explained, growth groups being inaccessible and being judged on other people’s expectations about what makes a good Christian – for example, having a daily quiet time – that does not work for many ADHD people, it’s far too boring!
So many of my autistic and ADHD friends often feel inadequate, excluded, isolated and misjudged. More than one of them complained about the ‘tut’ brigade of people who roll their eyes or tut when their autistic or ADHD child is running around or having a meltdown, which is when a person is in huge distress and does not need to be told to control themselves. Or at the adult who they think is going on too long about something, or bringing up details and issues that are important to them, but others can’t see why.
Access, Belong, Commission (ABC)
Church should be a sanctuary from the world, not more of the same pressure!
So, looking at the ABC structure that Through the Roof have created, what can we do to help make our churches be that sanctuary where autistic and ADHD people can be themselves and thrive in their faith? They need a sanctuary where they can take down their masks and safely be themselves. Of course, Having a Roofbreaker in each church means they have a trusted person to talk to who can speak up for them if they can’t.
A – Access

Think about the sensory environment particularly. It may be that you need different areas for different needs, such as a quieter area for those who are overloaded, and areas where people can move about freely.

- Think about how you communicate what is happening, for some visual communication is so helpful, especially if they cannot read. Others may like recorded sermons or messages they can listen to in their own way.
- Make it okay to wear headphones, sit down or do whatever is comfortable in worship, consider the volume of the worship.
- Train your welcome and leadership team to understand these hidden conditions and believe in them. I say that because there is so much disbelief about ADHD for example, we need training to dispel the myth that it is caused by bad parenting and is about naughty boys!
- Help people understand sermons by linking to concrete examples, explaining spiritual words and concepts and giving links to further reading. Treat all questions as legitimate searching for truth and don’t dismiss what might seem obvious, as autistic and ADHD people might not get the inference. Others might have deep knowledge they want to share with you, so make time to discuss spiritual issues with them if you can’t do it after a service.
- Discuss with your autistic and ADHD members how to make your growth groups and groups for children more accessible – try to think beyond making them social times or like Bible comprehension classes for a start!
B – belonging
- John Swinton says “To belong, you have to be missed.” The most common thing autistic and ADHD people need is acceptance. Getting to know their stories and faith testimonies is important. Share their testimonies in your church congregation.
- Let them ask their deep questions and explain things as well as you can, especially for those who struggle with abstract concepts and need something concrete to link to. That involves really listening and letting go of our expectations about how God works.
- Talk about difference and being the body of Christ and let all the congregation know that when we are all created in God’s image, that does NOT mean one size fits all!
- Create a safe place to be able to drop our masks. It is important for autistic and ADHD people to find their identity in Christ from within, knowing that the way they are is complete and wonderfully made. I cannot be in Christ in some artificial way – it has to be through my ADHD brain, and it is in that way that I find my most wonderful experiences and deep understanding of God and his love for me.
C – Commission
- We can learn a lot from the faith stories and insights of autistic and ADHD people. I know a non-verbal autistic man, who needs daily care for all his needs, who has an amazing prayer and prophetic ministry. Mark Arnold’s non-verbal son, James has a ministry through Mark’s blog. https://theadditionalneedsblogfather.com. I have an autistic friend who is a Baptist minister and know many autistic and ADHD clergy in different church denominations.
- Don’t just help the person to adapt to your neurotypical ways of doing something, especially things like preaching and teaching. Recently the CofE had a meeting to say how they were going to help neurodivergent people access ministry – but I was really disappointed because the message I received was ‘we will help you fit in to our systems’ – not we will change the system to work for you. (There are people who are speaking up to try and change the systems). In my church I am being supported to preach in the way that works for me.
So in Conclusion;
Jesus did not limit anyone because of their intellect, condition or disability. He took the outcasts, the marginalised and the forgotten and gave them the same invitation as everyone else… Follow me.
I have only been able to say a little about the autistic and ADHD experiences of church in this talk, but please do keep learning and listening because autistic and ADHD people have so much to contribute to the life and soul of the faith we all share.





















